Dscp values table pdf. The first six bits constitute the DSCP value.
Dscp values table pdf Commonly Used Dscp Values - Free download as PDF File (. Available Formats XML HTML Plain text. Table 3-3 lists the CS DSCP names and values, and the corresponding IPP values and names. Specifies the DSCP value in hexadecimal, decimal, or binary format. Jun 22, 2009 · This table compares QoS values for IP precedence, Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Experimental (EXP) values along with standard values used in Cisco IOS Software for configuration. 86 MB) PDF - This Chapter (1. Table 1: Standard DSCP Values Value List of DSCP Values af11 AF11dscp(001010)—decimalvalue10 af12 AF12dscp(001100)—decimalvalue12 af13 AF13dscp(001110)—decimalvalue14 af21 AF21dscp(010010)—decimalvalue18 af22 AF22dscp(010100)—decimalvalue20 af23 AF23dscp(010110)—decimalvalue22 af31 AF31dscp(011010)—decimalvalue26 The first 3 bits (0 to 2) represent IP precedence from 0 to 7. However, there is a provision to change the default value along with the option to configure on the edge devices. 0 to 64. Most Traffic . Default DSCP Value(s) The default DSCP value . See Table: DSCP/FC marking . Feb 6, 2014 · DSCP Class DSCP (bin) DSCP (dec) ToS (dec) ToS (bin) ToS Prec. the value that maps to the DSCP name (the value none specifies that the default DSCP value for the application be used; see Table: Applications and Support for Configurable DSCP or dot1p Markings) Values. c. qos-group table—Sets the packet DSCP value from a QoS group based upon a table map. The Service-based Interface (SBI) configuration applies to all the interfaces. A DSCP value is represented by the first 6 bits (0 to 5) of the DS field and is in the range 0 to 63. Apr 19, 2022 · dscp dscp_value: Configures the DSCP value for the control plane signaling messages. ip ip-access-list Configures the name of the matched IP access list. tos tos-value tos in the ip packet represents delay, throughput, reliability and cost field (1-4 of tos), 0~15. Configured Dot1p Value DSCP and Precedence Values This section provides the DSCP and precedence values used in QoS class maps and policy maps. Each class has different guaranteed service and pricing levels. b. 0b000000 . DSCP value hexadecimal. It considers some commonly observed DSCP re-marking behaviors that might be experienced along an Sep 17, 2020 · PDF | This article proposes 5QI to IP DSCP mapping based on 3GPP TS 23. This document discusses considerations for assigning a new recommended Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) for a standard Per-Hop Behavior (PHB). See Table 1 to convert the DSCP Settings to a decimal value that can be used in the Optimizer Policies. PDF - Complete Book The following table lists the commonly used DSCP values as described in RFC 2475. The DSCP name or value assigned to the application; if you assign a value to the application (0 to 63), the DSCP name that maps to the value is displayed. nc1 . nc1. You must be familiar with the fields in the IP header and Cisco IOS ® CLI. none | 0 to 63. The remaining 2 bits (6 and 7) are reserved. When an application is configured to use a specified DSCP value then the MPLS EXP, Dot1P bits will be marked in accordance with the network or access egress policy as it applies to the logical interface the packet will be egressing. dscp-name. The DSCP value for TWAMP test packets reflected by the TWAMP server is specified in the TWAMP control process. Apr 24, 2012 · Interpretation of ToS and DSCP fields DSCP interpretation (RFC 2474) RFC 791 and RFC 1349. The first three bits (0 to 2) represent IP precedence from 0 to 7. 0. Network devices like routers can be configured to change the DSCP value of a packet based on certain conditions, such as network congestion or based on specific policies set by the network administrator. Oct 5, 2024 · Ah, but what is the correct DSCP value that should be set? Often the host can set the DSCP value, as can any DSCP processing capable network transit device. To add a DSCP value to to the match list, choose a value from the Available DSCP Values column on the left, and click the top double-arrowhead button to add it to the Selected DSCP Values column. (dec) none 000000 0 0 00000000 000 0 cs1 001000 8 32 00100000 001 1 af11 001010 10 40 00101000 001 1 af12 001100 12 48 00110000 001 1 af13 001110 14 56 00111000 001 DSCP field, e. Therefore, if IP devices in the network can recognize IP Precedence or DSCP for classification and marking purposes, you can DSCP value can be mapped to a distinct PHB . This section discusses DSCP and IP precedence values used for QoS classification and marking. ) PHB = EF =101 but how have i derived 46 = EF? Any possible calculation against this. May 21, 2009 · This section provides the DSCP and precedence values used in QoS class maps and policy maps. DSCP value binary. Stream: Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC: 8837 Category: Standards Track Published: January 2021 ISSN: 2070-1721 Sep 5, 2024 · This document describes how to set the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) values in Quality of Service (QoS) configurations on a Cisco router. Jan 25, 2023 · DSCP value Jan 25, 2023. The DSCP Policy Table associates an 802. Apr 16, 2020 · The packet's DSCP field for traffic initiating a session (forward) or for reply traffic (reverse) can be changed and enabled in each direction separately by configuring it in the firewall policy. The DSCP values are being applied to inner packet and outer GTPU packet. The IEEE broadly defines these values according to the 802. Mar 11, 2022 · DSCP value Mar 11, 2022. Label. Also, the IP header doesn’t change between source and destination addresses. a. 0b000000. Table 6-1 lists the commonly used DSCP values described in RFC 2475. Switches prioritize packets using what are called DSCP (Diffserv Code Point) values. Commonly Used DSCP Values. By default, Commvault uses DSCP value 0 (best effort). The 802. The following table lists the DSCP mapping between DSCP name and DSCP values (decimal, hexadecimal, and binary) and label. It provides tables listing commonly used DSCP values defined in RFC 2475, including values for expedited forwarding, assured forwarding, and class selector. Please share. Jul 26, 2024 · Bias-Free Language. The DSCP can only be specified by its name. pdf), Text File (. DSCP for Dante HardwareThe table below shows how Dante hardware devices apply DSCP packet priority values: […] The first 3 bits (0 to 2) represent IP precedence from 0 to 7. Describes the standard Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP) values of IPv4 and IPv6 headers to classify data packets and manage network traffic. txt) or read online for free. Commonly Used DSCP Values Unless noted as a restriction, you can mark both incoming and outgoing packets. Unless noted as a restriction, you can mark both incoming and outgoing packets. Sep 27, 2017 · An AFx class can be denoted by the DSCP value, xyzab0, where xyz can be 001, 010, 011, or 100, and ab represents the dP value. All the network service providers may not necessarily use DSCP 48. For an introduction to this topic, refer to QoS for VoIP. Common applications are also mapped to DSCP values. For example, the IEEE 802. 48. Table 6-1 Commonly Used DSCP Values DSCP Value Decimal Apr 13, 2001 · The recommended DSCP value for EF is 101110 (46). There are different schemes in common use for interpreting DSCP values: z"Simple 8-level prioritisation" on page 6 z"More sophisticated per-hop behaviours" on page 7 Simple 8-level prioritisation In this scheme, the DSCP values are iptables can also set the DSCP field. Values Jan 1, 2023 · The DSCP is an integral component within the Internet Protocol (IP) header of a packet, serving the purpose of categorizing and administering network traffic, as well as facilitating the provision Dec 16, 2014 · A C&M feature can set a CS DSCP value, and if another router or switch just looks at the IPP field, the value will make sense from an IPP perspective. 0x00. The DSCP values are sent as part of FAR during call establishment (Sx establishment request/Sx modification request). Let’s take a look at the TOS byte: Above, you see the IP header with all its fields, including the TOS byte. A los fines de esta documentación, "no discriminatorio" se refiere al lenguaje que no implica discriminación por motivos de edad, discapacidad, género, identidad de raza, identidad étnica, orientación sexual, nivel socioeconómico e interseccionalidad. The default CoS-to-DSCP mapping table multiplies each CoS value by a factor of 8 to calculate the default internal DSCP (for example, CoS 1 maps to DSCP 8, CoS 2 Jun 18, 2024 · Standard values are shown in the previous Standard DSCP Values table. set-dscp-transmit 10 exceed-action set-dscp-transmit 20 !--- For traffic matching access list 150, sets the DSCP value of conforming traffic !--– to 10 and that of non-conforming traffic to 20. El conjunto de documentos para este producto aspira al uso de un lenguaje no discriminatorio. ) IP precedence =4. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. In DSCP, the most significant three bits are directly proportional to IP Precedence. El marcado de paquetes basado en la Default DSCP Mapping Table DSCP Name DSCP Value DSCP Value DSCP Value Label Decimal HexadecimalBinary ===== Default 0 0x00 0b000000 be nc1 48 0x30 0b110000 h1 nc2 56 0x38 0b111000 nc ef 46 0x2e 0b101110 ef af11 10 0x0a 0b001010 assured af12 12 0x0c 0b001100 assured af13 14 0x0e 0b001110 assured Sep 5, 2024 · Lenguaje no discriminatorio. Table 7-1 lists the commonly used DSCP values that are described in RFC 2475. ) TOS value = 184. Sep 13, 2024 · The Structure of Cisco DSCP Values. Some applications have multiple DSCP default values depending on the context or service . 501 defined QoS characteristics and RFC4594 service class recommendation. DSCP value decimal . DSCP, DiffServ and ToS values Nov 22, 2024 · The QCI/QOS mapping table in SMF drives the DSCP values being put on the packets. QoS is the quality of data transmission in the Internet (or intranet). dscp_value must be a hexadecimal number from 0x00 through 0x3F or a decimal value ranging from 0 through 63. Step 6: set ip {dscp | precedence} Example: If a codepoint you want to use shows No-override in the Priority column of the DSCP map (show qos dscp-map), then you must assign a 0 - 7 priority before proceeding (qos dscp-map priority command). The name has 1 to -20 characters. Although Dante packet priority values have been chosen to make it simple to configure QoS with many switches, some switches require special configuration to recognize and prioritize specific DSCP values. Markdown involves changing the DSCP value in the IP packet based on flow conditions, which changes the priority of the packets as they traverse the network. Table 6-1 lists the commonly used DSCP values that are described in RFC 2475. 0x00 . The CS is situated on the IP precedence line (see Table 2), with the distinguishing Networks can provide different forwarding treatments for individual packets based on Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) values on a per-hop basis. PDF. This setting will be forwarded to the egress line card. Below is a DSCP to IP Precedence conversion table. Download Table | DSCP values assigned to applications from publication: Performance Analysis of DiffServ based Quality of Service in a Multimedia Wired Network and VPN effect using OPNET | Quality Implementors should note that the DSCP field is six bits wide. rate-limit output access-group 152 8000 1500 2000 conform-action 4-4 Cisco Nexus 1000V Quality of Service Configuration Guide, Release 4. g. Since all these devices can set a DSCP value, any can set an incorrect value. Jun 1, 2014 · The table below combines all the above PHB methods in a single table that lists all common DSCP field values. The DSCP values chart is an array of hexadecimals or binary representations that reflect the data packet's treatment. The first six bits constitute the DSCP value. This document provides the recommended DSCP values for web browsers to use for various classes of Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) traffic. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP) DSCP Pool 1 Codepoints; DSCP Pool 3 Codepoints; ECN Field (Bits 6-7) Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP) Reference [RFC3260, Section 4 ToS is an eight-bit field in the IP header; the first six bits are used and the final two are reserved for other TCP specification and control. Table 7-1 Commonly Used DSCP Values DSCP Table 1 present the potential DSCP values, accompanied by their respective binary and decimal representation. Changes to DSCP values in a firewall policy affect new sessions. According to RFC 2474, the ToS field is redefined as the differentiated services (DS) field. CoS uses 3 bits and can thus have values between 0 and 7 where 0 is the lowest priority and 7 is the highest. When the QoS policy is applied on the VLAN configuration level, the DSCP value derives the CoS value for bridged and routed traffic from the 3 most significant DSCP bits. Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) values on a per-hop basis. Registries included below. This document provides the recommended DSCP values for web browsers to use for various classes of Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) traffic. The DSCP allows you to apply a value (0–63) within the Type of Service (TOS) field in an IPv4 packet's header, and within the Traffic Class field in IPv6. In this lesson, I’ll explain everything there is to know about the TOS byte, IP precedence, and DSCP values. diffserv diffserv-value All tos field in Ip packet: 8, 0-255. 0 . Note: I'm perfectly happy for this table and associated information to be used anywhere by anyone, that's why it's been published here, I couldn't find an easy reference, so I created one and published it for everyone, but, if you do republish the information, please attribute the source and don't try to pass it off as original work. precedence table—Sets the packet DSCP value from precedence based on a table map. Values. Critical -mainly used for Voice RTP. 1Q standard and uses the following The following table lists DSCP values. DSCP value decimal. The DSCP Marking feature supports dynamic change of the configuration. Nov 15, 2024 · The pools are defined in the following table (where 'x' refers to either '0' or '1'). DSCP value hexadecimal . According to RFC 2474, the ToS field is redefined as the differentiated services (DS) field, where a DSCP value is represented by the first six bits (0 to 5) and is in the range 0 to 63. The value of the CU field MUST be ignored by PHB selection. 0(4)SV1(1) Chapter 4 Configuring QoS Policing Configuring Policing The policer actions that you can specify are described in Table 4-3 and Table 4-4 . 1p priority with a DSCP codepoint in an IPv4/IPv6 packet. For example, voice traffic uses EF (Expedited Forwarding), interactive video uses AF41, streaming video uses CS4, and call signaling uses CS3. . 48 The first three bits (0 to 2) represent IP precedence from 0 to 7. It also notes some implications of using a specific DSCP. This is known as “DSCP remarking”. 4 %âãÏÓ 1 0 obj >stream endstream endobj 2 0 obj >]>>/Pages 6 0 R>> endobj 6 0 obj > endobj 5 0 obj > endobj 12 0 obj > endobj 13 0 obj > endobj 16 0 use this value—in conjunction with the CoS-to-DSCP mapping table—to calculate an internal DSCP value for the packet. The following table lists these values. Feb 12, 2021 · DSCP Marking. (bin) ToS Prec. ef—Matches packets with EF DSCP value (101110). 0x30 DSCP & TOS. DSCP and dot1p values in Table: DSCP and dot1p marking for 7210 SAS-K 2F6C4T and 7210 SAS-K 3SFP+ 8C are applicable when remarking is disabled on the egress service object (for example, access port, SAP, and network port) used to send out the packets. Table 3-3 Default and Class Selector DSCP Values Aug 27, 2024 · Default DSCP Values. The DSCP field can be set with either -j DSCP --set-dscp decimal-or-hex-value or -j DSCP --set-dscp-class DiffServ-class-value. It's similar configuration as in PGW-CP. Oct 11, 2024 · The network routers will classify the Commvault data packets based on the DSCP value that you configured. Table 7-1 Commonly Used DSCP Values DSCP Sep 5, 2017 · dscp table—Sets the packet DSCP value from DSCP based on a table map. 1Q VLAN-tagging. 35 MB) View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices Table 2 Standard DSCP Values; Value List of DSCP Values The FC value is NC by default, or the value specified in the ping command parameter fc fc-name. The following table describes DSCP names and associated DSCP values. The remaining two bits (6 and 7) are reserved. DHCP provides a framework for passing configuration information to hosts using tagged data items called options. DS- compliant nodes MUST select PHBs by matching against the entire 6-bit DSCP field, e. be. It considers the common observed re-marking behaviors that the Diffserv field might be subjected to along an Internet path. When a new PHB is specied, a recommended DSCP value among those 64 values is normally reserved for that PHB and is This document discusses considerations for assigning a new DSCP for a standard PHB. Table: DSCP name to DSCP value table DSCP name Decimal DSCP value Hexadecimal DSCP value Binary DSCP value This makes it confusing to understand since there is a lot of terminology and some of is not used anymore nowadays. 1Q priority field which contains the Cost of Service or CoS values is part of the VLAN tag that is found in the Layer 2 Ethernet header. %PDF-1. Flash - mainly used for Voice Signaling or for Video. See Table 1. The DSCP chart maps DSCP binary, hexadecimal and decimal values to corresponding Per Hop Behaviors and Class of Service categories. Jun 9, 2021 · The IEEE 802. The first three bits of this EF value correspond to IP Precedence 5, which is the recommended ip precedence dial-peer configuration command setting for VoIP traffic. When an application is configured to use a specified DSCP value then the MPLS EXP, Dot1P bits are marked in accordance with the network or access egress policy as it applies to the logical interface the packet is egressing. Default. Table 1. The DSCP value specifies the DSCP tag in an IP header to map to a particular CoS queue, while the CoS value specifies that queue. Below, we break down several key DSCP and Precedence Values This appendix provides the DSCP and precedence values used in QoS class maps and policy maps. 11e UP value for DSCP 32 (100 000 in binary), would be the decimal equivalent of the MSB (100) which is 4. *The default forwarding class mapping is used for all DSCP names/values for which there is no explicit forwarding class mapping. The default DSCP value that is used in the DSCP control traffic is 48. This is what you want to set even if Type-of-service is what you think you want. This setting is forwarded to the egress line card. Interpreting DSCP values is a little more involved, because there are 64 possible values of DSCP, not just 8. Apr 1, 2024 · Here are some of the commonly used DSCP values and their equivalent IP Precedence values, as well as guidance on when and where they should be used: Expedited Forwarding (EF) – DSCP 101 110 (46 Decimal) Equivalent IP Precedence: Critical (101) This value is reserved for voice RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) streams. If fact, every network device has the option to change a DSCP value. Using DSCP codepoints in your network allows you to set a LAN policy that operates independently of 802. See the table below for possible --set-dscp-class values. 1p priority with a specific ToS byte codepoint in an IPv4 packet. Note, each DSCP to CoS mapping has three values: the DSCP value, the CoS value, and the title. actions that include marking down DSCP values rather than simply dropping packets. Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP) DSCP Pool 1 Codepoints; DSCP Pool 3 Codepoints; ECN Field (Bits 6-7) Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP) Reference [RFC3260, Section 4 For PTP messages, based on the message type (event or non-event), the DSCP value used is either 0x30 (h1) or 0x38 (nc), and the dot1p value is always 7. [7] [8] [9] In theory, a network could have up to 64 different traffic classes using the 64 available DSCP values. Aug 1, 2024 · This value for the EXP bits is derived from the three most significant bits of the remarked DSCP value. dscp-value. Jun 4, 2015 · PDF - Complete Book (3. Default . Default DSCP Mapping Table DSCP NameDSCP ValueDSCP ValueDSCP ValueLabel Decimal Hexadecimal Binary ===== Default 00x00 0b000000be nc1 48 0x30 0b110000h1 nc2 El DSCP se puede establecer en un valor deseado en el borde de la red para facilitar a los dispositivos de núcleo la clasificación del paquete como se muestra en la sección Clasificación de Paquetes y proporcionar un nivel de servicio adecuado. Jul 29, 2021 · You can create QoS policies that define network traffic priority with a Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value that you assign to different types of network traffic. Configured DSCP Value. If traffic must use the new DSCP values immediately, it is advised to clear all APN,QCI,andARP-basedDSCPMappingfor WPSSessions •FeatureSummaryandRevisionHistory,onpage1 •FeatureDescription,onpage2 •HowitWorks,onpage4 dscp-value. Shaping involves delaying packets that exceed a software defined threshold. In Cisco network equipment, these values are often configured using policy maps and service policies, influencing traffic through various classes of service. DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) uses 6 bits of the 8-bit differentiated services field in the IP header to classify data packets, allowing 64 different values (0 to 63). Table 6-2 lists the RFC 791 precedence values from least to most important. Oct 11, 2007 · I am looking for methodology of calculating AFxy using given DSCP value instead of using table. police 56000 1750 1750 conform-action set-dscp-transmit 0 exceed-action drop violate-action drop policy-map SETDSCP class EF set ip dscp 46 class AF1 set ip dscp 10 class AF3 set ip dscp 26 class AF21 set ip dscp 18 class AF22 set ip dscp 20 class AF23 set ip dscp 22! call rsvp-sync cns event-service server! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address The DSCP Policy Table associates an 802. DSCP is the more preferred QoS tool because the router can quickly get information from a single byte on the IP header. Networks can provide different forwarding treatments for individual packets based on Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) values on a per-hop basis. Best Effort (0): This is the default DSCP value and is used for standard, non-critical traffic that doesn’t require special handling. Commonly Used DSCP Values; DSCP Value Jun 24, 2014 · Standard values are shown in the previous Standard DSCP Values table. 11e UP value for DSCP values that are not mentioned in the table is calculated by considering 3 most significant bits of DSCP. The table below lists the DSCP value and corresponding dP value for each AF PHB class. The goal of QoS is to efficiently use the network by providing higher quality transmission to certain subsets of data. This document is not restricted to specific software and hardware versions. Table 6-1 Commonly Used DSCP Values DSCP Nov 15, 2024 · The pools are defined in the following table (where 'x' refers to either '0' or '1'). Here are the DSCP values (layer 3 header) and their equivalent applications: Jun 18, 2024 · Standard values are shown in the previous Standard DSCP Values table. Like DSCP 46 means. dscp dscp-value Dscp field in tos of ip packet (2-7 of tos), 0~63. Differentiated Services Code Point DSCP values are those found within the appropriate field in the IP header. The DSCP field is defined as an unstructured field to facilitate the definition of future per-hop behaviors . , by treating the value of the field as a table index which is used to select a particular packet handling mechanism which has been implemented in that device. the DSCP to be associated with the forwarding class. Expedited Forwarding (EF – 46) : This value is used for low-latency, low-loss, and low-jitter traffic, such as voice over IP (VoIP) and Video Conferencing . The DS field contains the 6-bit DSCP value. DSCP and Precedence Values This appendix provides the DSCP and precedence values used in QoS class maps and policy maps. For most networks, the DSCP values adhere to a standard set. Table: Default DSCP mapping table DSCP name. The DSCP value in the IP header is used to select appropriate QoS treatment for packets. To remove a value from the Selected DSCP Values column, choose the value and click the bottom double-arrowhead button. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on The FC value is NC by default, or the value specified in the ping command parameter fc fc-name. A CoS value exists in a frame as long as there is a VLAN tag. If more data is Yes, DSCP values can be changed during network transmission. Table 6-1 lists the commonly used DSCP values described in RFC 2475. Once the tag is removed, the CoS value is no longer associated with the frame. [2] Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) occupies the least-significant 2 bits of the IPv4 TOS field and IPv6 traffic class (TC) field. Specifies a DSCP name that has been previously mapped to a value using the dscp-name command. Mark IP DSCP and MPLS EXP Values for IP to MPLS Traffic: Benefits; Mark IP DSCP and MPLS EXP Values for IP to MPLS Traffic: Guidelines and Limitations; Configure IP DSCP and MPLS EXP Values for IP to MPLS Traffic Apr 9, 2007 · Edit Match DSCP Values . The DSCP values for TWAMP and TWAMP Light test packets are not configured with sgt-qos commands. The DSCP value can be set per application. This information should be used in conjunction with optimizer policies to implement and ensure quality of service. DSCP and dot1p values in the table are applicable when remarking is disabled at the port level. According to RFC 2474, the ToS field in the IPv4 header or the Traffic Classes field in the IPv6 header is redefined as the differentiated services (DS) field, where a DSCP value is represented by the first six bits (0 to 5) and ranges from 0 to 63. Oct 30, 2023 · The QCI/QOS mapping table in SMF drives the DSCP values being put on the packets. The chart provides a mapping of DSCP values to ensure consistent ToS is an eight-bit field in the IP header; the first six bits are used and the final two are reserved for other TCP specification and control. Table: Valid DSCP Names lists the valid DSCP Note: In general, for a Cisco VoIP deployment, you do not need to modify the DSCP to CoS mapping. DSCP/TOS values in IPv4 header and payload of ICMP time-exceeded message 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 10 0 2 4 6 DSCP values (in ICMP) DSCP values (in payload) 0 2 6 8 24242424 48484848 0 2 6 48484848 0 2 6 0 6 48484848 Y-axis: Fraction of different DSCP values in IP header of ICMP messages, while the payload IP header contains DSCP values of 0, 2, 4, or 6. gtlv vihgq vtzq uiyv qqgls fdc lma hoaj sfdwn bznabkk