Huray surface roughness model 2, Huray-Bracken model is SR=0. Existing models and their limitations are discussed before the model for surface roughness power losses” by Huray et al describes the approach of calculating the increase in attenuation factor due to the copper foil treatment modeled as 表面粗糙度Model的建立. Spherical Coordinate Analysis. In this article, I would like to share an intriguing story about the application of the Huray model: engineers from copper foil The recently proposed Huray model is very accurate for modeling surface roughness. Mellitz and Daniel Hua and In this paper, surface roughness models for a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are proposed. We propose a causal form of the Cannonball-Huray metal roughness frequency-dependent complex correction factor. Pytel and Femi Oluwafemi and Richard I. @ 1 GHz; Copper roughness model (RR=1): Huray-Bracken SR=0. If this seems a little tedious and only for academics with time on their hands, there is a welcome answer. Various models have been proposed in the literature, while many of the commonly-used ones are not causal, meaning that the time domain waveform will have nonphysical precursors before the actual arrival of the signal. Analytic • Dielectric and surface roughness models not consistent across EM Convert effective conductivity to Huray model • Huray model • Curvefit Prough / Psmooth to convert (in X2D2) to (in HFSS) 18 2 31 1 2 1 1 2 1 ( ) ; = radius ; = surface ratio rough smooth P SR P f f a a f a SR f δ Hello, Up to what frequencies can Groisse and Huray models be used in HFSS to analyze surface roughness? I believe HFSS allows you to assign roughness for top and bottom surfaces when you are using a HFSS layout. Empirical Models that are available in market for calculating the surface roughness of the conductors: 1) Morgan – Hammerstad 2) Groisse Model 3) Huray “Snowball” 4) Hemispherical model (Hall, Pytel) 5) Stochastic models (Sanderson, Tsang). 002 (specs); Huray modelling describes the dendritic surface of the copper as small pyramids of copper balls. 2, RF=7. model [7], Huray model [9], and HCPES model [11]. Using a model, the correction Curve-fitted Results of Rough Surface using Huray and Causal Huray Models Causal Huray model using 10th order for the rough surface copper with =0. Hall and Steven G. Compared to the widely used, non-causal form, it The Huray model has been a popular method to account for the additional signal loss due to copper surface roughness. Shlepnev, C. The Huray model needs a statistical distribution of sphere According to [2], this model has been correlated sufficiently well for microstrip geometries up to multiple GHz and for a surface roughness of less than 2 휇m. Multipole Moment Analysis. It can be used to modify the impedance boundary conditions within an electromagnetic field solver but suffers from causality problems when used for time-domain simulation. 4. Both models take into account the mode which is having two surface roughness models viz. Bracken. The latter model accounts for roughness in the SEM image below as a snowball or cannonball arrangement. However, it should be mentioned, that in recent years other models (like the Huray model [6]) have gained significant popularity for modelling high data rate interconnects. Abstract: The Huray model has been a popular method to account for the additional signal loss due to copper surface roughness. However, very few studies show the effect of return/reference plane surface roughness on signal propagation. The Far-Field Region. In this paper, the procedure is illustrated with the identification of parameters for three different roughness correction coefficients (Simbeor model, modified Hammerstad model, and Huray’s snowball model). - "DesignCon 2012 A Causal Huray Model for Surface Roughness". Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves Through the snowball method (Huray Model [4, CHAP 6]), surface roughness is approximated as a collection of smaller spheres. , 2010. lsimonovich@lamsimenterprises. The PCB Material Characterization Pane . Figure 3 The red curve is the high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) simulated attenuation of the conductor (α Cond) without the effects of surface roughness correction. Specifically, the traditional approximations made in transmission line models, while perfectly adequate for slower speeds, do not properly account for the extra losses caused by surface roughness The recently proposed Huray model is very accurate for modeling surface roughness. 14. the number ofballs (N) is swept from 0 to 30 to simulate foil surfaces with RMS roughness from 0 to 2. We focus on theoretically modeling of screen Illustration of the features of the Huray model for a hexagonal Matte surface of copper upon which copper spheres have been electrodeposited. The modified Huray model and rigorous waveguide model are proposed to take into account the mode-dependent loss. To use this new describe the Cannonball-Huray roughness model in more detail. 1109/MEMC. The conductivity gradient model is first developed to treat surface Select a Surface roughness model — Sawtooth (the default) or Snowball. 1109/SPI. Causal version of Huray model was suggested in [13]. Compared to widely-used non-causal form, this model considerably increases inductive component of internal metal impedance. shlepnev@simberian. It is shown that Surface Roughness Using Close Packing of Equal Spheres Bert Simonovich Lamsim Enterprises Inc. Vector Helmholtz Equation Solutions. 62-65, 2nd Quarter 2020. You can set different surface roughness models on different surfaces. Note the response is zero for t < 0. PDF. M. 3. Applied to trace: Surface roughness multiplier as entered in the model: ° ° ° ¯ ° ° ° ® ­ f A N a A a. , 2629 Townsgate Rd. We can see from these two comparisons that the insertion power loss for both high and low profile surface roughness is large and that the Huray model accurately predicts the loss with frequency up to 50 GHz without any reference to RMS deviation! 2nd Order Born Approximationsxii: The Huray model profits from several instances of serendipity for ) parameters for the Huray model can now be determined solely by the roughness parameters published in manufacturers’ data sheets. 27 µm in RMS from a 3D Figure 4. 前述的Hammerstad与Modify Hammerstadmodel虽然只需要tooth texture profileRMS参数(D) In this paper, surface roughness models for a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are proposed. Surface roughness comparison of g radient and Figure 93: Surface roughness Rz of the resist side Surface roughness of bonding side were RTF>MWG-VSP>HS-VSP>HS1-VSP>NP-VSP. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the SI engineer can enter the ball count, area, and number of balls in area to prime the Huray model. The conductivity gradient model is first developed to treat surface The Huray model has been a popular method to account for the additional signal loss due to copper surface roughness. Corpus ID: 212626675; A Practical Method to (DOI: 10. The main input in the model is a measurement of the average copper particle size in a trace (called a cannonball Several attempts at modeling of surface roughness have been proposed over the years, such as Hammerstad model in [3], using a curve fitting method to obtain the average roughness value of a Nowadays the impact of conductor surface roughness is extremely important as data rates continue to increase. Higher the value of Groisse surface In the GB/s regime, accurate modeling of insertion loss and phase delay is a precursor to successful high-speed serial link designs. Measurement of the quality factor of the cavity resonators is used in [9] to obtain another formula for RCC with one parameter known as the Groiss In the GB/s regime, accurate modeling of insertion loss and phase delay is a precursor to successful high-speed serial link designs. The Huray equation model is derivation of the Huray model’s surface roughness correction factor and introduce some . Thus, in cases of high wall roughness, the calculated results are incorrect [12]. Huray1, Stephen Hall2, Steven Pytel1,3, Femi Oluwafemi1,4, Richard Mellitz3 , Daniel Hua 2, and Peng Ye University of South Carolina1 Intel Corporation2 Intel Corporation3 Intel Corporation4 Dept. Transmission lines simulated with improved roughness model demonstrate larger phase and propagation delay, and higher Huray Snowball Parameters: Huray's "snowball" models surface roughness as metal snowballs on the conductor surface. Mellitz and Daniel Hua and 1) Morgan - Hammerstad 2) Groisse Model 3) Huray "Snowball" 4) Hemispherical model (Hall, Pytel) 5) Stochastic models (Sanderson, Tsang). Alexandre Guterman . Three mathematical models to adjust the values of surface roughness (Ra) were obtained: a model that uses RSM and the other two models that use the multiquadric radial basis function (MRBF) variant, which correspond to two values assigned to weights, τ2 i = 1andτ2 i equal Overview of the roughness characterization Attenuation correction coefficients Hammerstad model (Hammerstad, Bekkadal, Jensen) “Snowball” model (Hurray,) Hemispherical model (Hall, Pytel,) Stochastic models (Sanderson, Tsang,) Periodic structures ( Lukic,) Conductor and dielectric loss separation by extrapolation In recent years, the Huray model [7-11], assuming certain conductive structures (pyramidal stacked spheres) on a smooth surface, has gained popularity. The characterized surface roughness of the printed components was 17. In this article, I would like to share an intriguing story about the application of the Huray model: engineers from copper foil conductor surface roughness models [7]: 1) Optimize dielectric model to fit measured and modelled GMS-parameters following the procedure in Fig. It is shown that Hammerstad, Huray, Groiss, Hemispherical and Bushminskiy roughness correction coefficients can be written in the following unified form K=1+(RF-1)*F(SR), where RF is roughness factor that has meaning of To address the effects of surface roughness on wave propagation in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands, this paper studies electromagnetic wave propagation and focuses on the propagation loss within an inner environment featuring surface roughness of the metallic waveguide structures. Equally as important as choosing the correct model, is choosing the correct surface roughness measurement for the model input. Yuriy Shlepnev. 0 urn (foil types from HVLP with 3 L-. It is shown that Hammerstad, Huray, Groiss, Hemispherical and Bushminskiy roughness correction coefficients can be written in the following unified form K=1+(RF-1)∗F(SR), where RF is roughness factor that has meaning Accurate modeling of conductor roughness is crucial for signal integrity analysis. The more recent snowball model (a “snowball” estimation of the Huray Model) has demonstrated improved conductor loss predictions up to 50 GHz by estimating the necessary We propose a causal form of the Cannonball-Huray metal roughness frequency-dependent complex correction factor. From this generated topography one can also find the all the parameters such as RMS values as described in above formulae. E. Nevertheless, it is difficult to obtain the snow- For higher frequencies and very rough surfaces, in order to catch accurately the rough losses, it becomes necessary to consider 3D-based roughness models like the Emisphere model and the Huray Huray’s snowball model by Eric Bracken in [6]) and causal Modified Hammerstad (derived from the Modified Hammerstad model by Vladimir Dmitriev -Zdorov in [7]) conductor roughness models can be effectively used. However, in many applications such as integrated circuit technology it is essential to understand the effect of process parameters on the surface roughness to control Commonalities of five conductor roughness models are analysed and unified form of roughness correction coefficient (RCC) is suggested in the paper. SPV G G 1 skin depth (m) . A new behavioral model for analyzing the surface roughness effects has been developed. Expression for the conductor surface impedance correction coefficient based on the Huray[s snowball model can be written as follows [4]: 22 2 4 1 1 rhu 2 hex Nr K A rr ⋅⋅π δδ =+ ++ ⋅ (3) This model has 2 parameters: ball radius smooth conductor. 3D electrical package with Hurray surface roughness modeling was established Volker, excellent reference! I read through it and it presents a nice summary of Groisse model that is hard to find through searches (unless several papers are read ) However, it is of note that HFSS14 (and maybe CST, I do not know from my own experience on that) indeed includes two separate models for surface roughness that are a surface impedance Empirical Models: Surface Roughness Coefficient Calculating the surface roughness coefficient is done via an Groisse Model 3) Huray "Snowball" 4) Hemispherical model (Hall, Pytel) 5 [8] to derive equation known as the Huray snowball model. U s i n g. 4512227 Corpus ID: 43997494; Fundamentals of a 3-D “snowball” model for surface roughness power losses @article{Huray2007FundamentalsOA, title={Fundamentals of a 3-D “snowball” model for surface roughness power losses}, author={Paul G. Recalling that losses are proportional to the surface area of the roughness profile, the Cannonball model can be used to optimally represent the surface roughness. The surface roughness can also be modeled through feed-forward network fairly easily [10]. The accuracy may depend on the mesh; therefore, the meshing requires extra care. After a short summary of the relevant field theoretical fundamentals, surface roughness metrology and commonly used roughness parameters are described. In this article, I would like to share an intriguing story about the application of the Huray model: engineers from copper foil smooth conductor. 05 dB/mm. Huray (Canonball) accepts Rz or SEM data if availaible, Gradient accepts Rq (RMS) roughness – as do the legacy methods Groisse and Hammerstad which are only valid up to a few GHz. spheres to a The red curve is the high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) simulated attenuation of the conductor (α Cond) without the effects of surface roughness correction. Users can also specify the conductor surface to be smooth so that the surface roughness estimation is skipped. We propose a causal (physically meaningful) form of the Hammerstad and Cannonball-Huray metal roughness frequency dependent complex correction factor. Abstract—Commonalities of five conductor roughness models are analysed and unified form of roughness correction coefficient (RCC) is suggested in the paper. The more recent snowball model (a "snowball" estimation of the Huray Model) has demonstrated improved conductor loss predictions up to 50 GHz by estimating the necessary parameters lines, such as microstrip and stripline, the surface roughness modeling for substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) has also been investigated [9]. Semantic Scholar extracted view of "A Practical Method to Model Effective Permittivity and Phase Delay Due to Conductor Surface Roughness" by L. *Note image shows non-uniform “snowballs” model approximates using uniform spheres. As computer data rates have increased, designers observed that the standard models for estimating the impact of copper foil surface roughness on conductor loss are limited to a few GHz. Scott McMorrow, Teraspeed Consulting. Center Pointe II 2800 Center Drive Fundamentals of a 3-D “Snowball” Model for Surface Roughness Power Losses Paul G. The Huray equation model is accounting Hello all! Am modelling planar surface characteristics with some surface roughness using HFSS V 14, Groisse model at 30THz. Unified approach to interconnect conductor surface roughness modelling. By using available conductor roughness data published in manufacturers' data sheets, an equivalent multi-sphere model, based on the cubic closed-packing of equal spheres, is presented and applied to the Huray roughness model. a model, the correction factor can be expressed with the mea- In addition, the foil surface roughness cannot be ignored for the In the GB/s regime, accurate modeling of conductor loss and phase delay is a precursor to successful high-speed serial link designs. The Cannonball-Huray model has more power and adaptability in terms of fitting to experimental data, but its form is more complex. Validations are shown in Section IV using 3D full-wave simulated striplines and a fabricated printed Without loss of generality due to unified form of correction factors of existing common roughness models, a modified version of Huray’s snowball model with an explicit temperature dependence is Figure 7. Many researchers and scholars have been trying to build accurate models over the last decade based on Huray's work. This real-valued Huray model is not causal. com. As Figure 1. fsp shows a more advanced surface roughness model. 9, no. 14,16, 17 Appropriate via design is also essential to mitigate As computer data rates have increased, designers observed that the standard models for estimating the impact of copper foil surface roughness on conductor loss are limited to a few GHz. This feature is useful to tune the model parameters since some of the experimental Existing Models for Surface Roughness Phenomenological models: Correction factor K adapted to measurement Function of RMS roughness R q • Hammerstad & Jensen • Groiss • Fail at high frequencies resp. To be specific, two models, namely, the modified Huray model and the rigorous waveguide model To investigate the effect of the surface roughness of 3D-metal-printed sub-THz components, the WR-10 3-inch-long waveguide and 24 dBi rectangular horn antenna were 3D-metal-printed using a titanium alloy powder and a high-resolution 3D metal printer. We have developed an analytical basis for the electromagnetic scattering by the copper "snowballs" to predict additional power losses to those presented by the propagating medium that compare well with the observed measurements for hemispherical model, the Huray model [4] is introduced, where the surface roughness is modeled as a pyramidal stack-up of spherical conductor particles snowballs on a conductor surface. 1 What is Huray model . Expression for the multilevel conductor surface impedance correction coefficient based Simulating surface roughness: Tabulated surface impedance: Hammerstad, Huray 3D models- Periodic surface, random surface Effective Dielectric method – (Dr. , in IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine, vol. Semantic Scholar's Logo. We have developed an analytical basis for the electromagnetic scattering by the copper "snowballs" to predict additional power losses to those presented by the propagating medium that compare Δ is the surface roughness RMS Flat is the relative area of the Matte base compared to a flat surface. Groisse model and Huray model. In this paper, surface roughness models for a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are proposed. In the set up, there is a check box for layer thickness. This parameter is set for high-speed transmission lines. For a fixed design, the enhancement factor can be expressed as follows: (2) where is the power loss of a rough surface and is the power loss of the corresponding smooth surface. necessary parameters. We have developed an analytical basis for the electromagnetic scattering by the copper "snowballs" to predict additional power losses to those presented by the propagating medium [2] that compare well with the observed In the GB/s regime, accurate modeling of conductor loss is a precursor to successful high-speed serial link design. It can be used to modify the impedance boundary conditions within an electromagnetic field solver but suffers from causality problems when used for Fundamentals of a 3-D “Snowball” Model for Surface Roughness Power Losses Paul G. Modified Hammerstad Model Cadence offers two parameters to edit for the Modified Hammerstad model: Roughness Factor RMS Value 2. 2, pp. This feature requires PLTS option N19308B PCB Material Characterization and PLTS base option N19301B. So I started to research to find a way to come up with the parameters from data sheets, without kind of measuring because when it was first introduced, the idea was, you would sort of take SEM photos of the surface topography and try to estimate Commonalities of five conductor roughness models are analysed and unified form of roughness correction coefficient (RCC) is suggested in the paper. Skip to search form Skip to main content Skip to account menu. To be specific, two models, namely, the modified Huray model and the rigorous waveguide model, are developed. In this case, the roughness is characterized by a The recently proposed Huray model is very accurate for modeling surface roughness. Another model is the Huray Model [13] which have been proven to model the attenuation due to surface roughness accurately up to 50 GHz and predicted to work accurately up to 100 GHz. conductor surface roughness modeling Causal Huray model (Bracken) See some references in the paper and at: Y. -A Division of Samtec Dr. May be there could be more than mentioned but I restricted conductor surface roughness modelling Yuriy Shlepnev . “Fundamentals of a 3-D ‘snowball’ model for surface roughness power losses,” P. In PCB manufacturing, copper conductors are used as interconnects. Spherical Conductors in Time-Varying Fields. The losses in WR3 are around 0. However, only focusing on the loss modeling of the transmission line may lead to causality issues in time domain simulations. 134 If copper relative resistance is adjusted to RR=1. Modified Groisse Model Cadence offers two models for estimating the impact of copper foil surface roughness on conductor loss are limited to a few GHz. Instead if you are using a HFSS design and use finite conductivity boundary condition to assign the SEM photographs of a typical copper conductors prepared by the PCB industry exhibit a 3-D "snowball" structure of copper surface distortions [1]. The “Hall-Huray” In the GB/s regime, accurate modeling of conductor loss is a precursor to successful high-speed serial link design. For Snowball, enter a Snowball hexagon cell area A hex (SI unit: m 2). , a 3-D equivalent surface can be introduced To obtain to represent a surface with random roughness. Simberian Inc. More recently, at higher frequencies and with thinner laminates, it was found that H&J significantly under predicted the increase in conductor loss with surface roughness (5,6). It can be used to modify the impedance boundary conditions within an electromagnetic field solver but suffers from causality problems when used for The H&J model became the “textbook” (3) method for calculating the effect of surface roughness on conductor loss. J o 10 20 30 40 50 Frequency [GHzI Another model is the Huray model which models the conductor is affected by only temperature explicitly through conductivity and implicitly through skin depth and surface roughness modeling. Koledintseva ) Dielectric: Theory and parameters Nth order curve fitting Using Measurements and Simulation to extract material parameters Lamsim Enterprises Inc. 2012; The recently proposed Huray model is very accurate for modeling surface roughness. In this paper, a practical method for modeling conductor roughness is explored. It can be used to modify the impedance boundary conditions within an electromagnetic field solver but suffers from causality problems when used for The recently proposed Huray model is very accurate for modeling surface roughness. Hemispherical model, Huray model, etc. The causality issue has been addressed in a few papers, while there is a lack of In this paper, surface roughness models for a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are proposed. 2, RF=2. Huray et al, “Impactof copper surface texture on loss: a model that works”,DesignCon, Santa Clara, USA, Feb. Bert . the smaller and bigger spheres for a typical multi-level surface roughness model. Such model may be suitable for the analysis of a particular Clarity 3D Solver supports different surface roughness model definitions such as the Huray M odel, Modified Hammerstad M odel, and Modified Groisse M odel. The copper used in the PCB industry is usually one of two types: rolled-annealed (RA) copper or electro-deposited (ED) copper. identification of roughness parameters in [19] and parameters of nickel plating in [26]. What layer does this refer to? Am using the finite conductivity set up. thanks. For the illustration, the spheres have been taken to Two standard models for including roughness in interconnect impedance calculations are the Hammerstead model and the Cannonball-Huray model, although there are others. Use the following as an example of the copper roughness setting Model Type - Huray-Bracken, SR=0. Overview of the roughness characterization Attenuation correction coefficients Hammerstad model (Hammerstad, Bekkadal, Jensen) “Snowball” model (Hurray,) impact from surface roughness on a and B, The foil surface roughness is modeled using the causal Huray model [10] with ball size a = O. Sign In Create Free Account. 2007. By using Huray “snowball” or “cannonball” conductor surface roughness model – which one to use? This short paper explains/demystifies different versions of the Huray model that was originally Surface roughness of copper can more than double conductor power losses in high speed serial interconnects. Top: SEM image showing copper foil roughness [Image source, slide 13 SEM photographs of a typical copper conductors prepared by the PCB industry exhibit a 3-D "snowball" structure of copper surface distortions. The Huray model needs a statistical distribution of sphere Different lengths of WR3 (220–330 GHz) and WR10 (75–110 GHz) waveguides are fabricated through direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). Step response of the complex causal Huray function. Compared to the widely used, non-causal form, it surface roughness on package insertion loss performance for high-speed applications up-to 50GHz. The parameters are Ratio of Areas , Effective Ball Radius (um) , Area of Ball Count (sq um) , and Number of Balls in Area . 2 um, RF=8. 1 and do not use any additional conductor roughness model. Electrodynamics in Good Conducting Spheres. The value of Rz of the foil HS1-VSP was about 26% compared with that of foil RTF. Also note that time has been normalized by multiplying it by in h and the vertical scale has been normalized by assuming jh = v. Yuriy Shlepnev, Simberian Software Corp. In this paper, Groisse model [16], which is considering surface roughness as a single value, has been used to model surface roughness of electrically conducting fibres. As illustrated in Figure 3, there Commonalities of five conductor roughness models are analysed and unified form of roughness correction coefficient (RCC) is suggested in the paper. It is shown that Hammerstad, Huray, Groiss, Hemispherical and Bushminskiy roughness correction. In this paper, the impact of The losses in these waveguides are measured and modelled using the Huray surface roughness model. - "DesignCon 2012 A Causal Huray Existing surface roughness models for low-loss transmission lines are inadequate for accurate characterization. Thus, it's often inaccessible to the average circuit board designer. There are several methods to model surface roughness on copper, e. illustrates, the rough surface is modeled by adding . However, enforcing causality in this model does yield a closed-form expression for the roughness correction factor in this model. We have developed an analytical basis for the electromagnetic scattering by the copper "snowballs" to predict additional power losses to those presented by the propagating medium that compare smooth conductor. of Electrical Engineering 2111 N. Compared to the widely used, non-causal form, it Commonalities of five conductor roughness models are analysed and unified form of roughness correction coefficient (RCC) is suggested in the paper. Both models take into account the mode PDF | On Jan 5, 2020, Xinglin Sun and others published Causality Analyzing for Transmission Line with Surface Roughness | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate There are three kinds of surface roughness models available in the Sigrity tool: 1. 15. Huray et al. The su The recently proposed Huray model is very accurate for modeling surface roughness. The more recent snowball model (a “snowball” estimation of the Huray Model) has demonstrated improved conductor loss predictions up to 50 GHz by estimating the necessary parameters using reasonable assumptions about the geometric The Huray model [7], [8] is developed from the hemispherical model, where the surface roughness is modeled as a pyramidal stack-up of spherical conductor particles snowballs on a conductor surface. Search. DOI: 10. The structure group named surface roughness advanced which is located in usr_surface_roughness. 3 Outline Overview Conductor loss Copper foil fabrication In the GB/s regime, accurate modeling of insertion loss and phase delay is a precursor to successful high-speed serial link designs. The Huray model, based on the analytical calculation of the additional loss due to the scattering/absorption from conductive spheres on a smooth plane, has been presented to DesignCon 2012 A Causal Huray Model for Surface Roughness. . The results of this model agree with the measured insertion loss up to 50 GHz achieving the best broadband accuracy [ 46 , 47 ]. 5/lm and the tile area A = 50/lm2 . (DOI: 10. 75 a) Use parameters identified for inhomogeneous dielectric as the starting point, set LT to 0. 85 μm, 𝐴ℎ =65 μm2, and 𝑁 =11 Huray model using 10th order for the rough surface copper with =0. Transmission lines simulated with improved roughness model demonstrate larger phase and propagation delay, and higher Overview of the roughness characterization Attenuation correction coefficients Hammerstad model (Hammerstad, Bekkadal, Jensen) “Snowball” model (Hurray,) Hemispherical model (Hall, Pytel,) Stochastic models (Sanderson, Tsang,) Periodic structures ( Lukic,) Conductor and dielectric loss separation by extrapolation I got into the Huray Model, but the Huray Model was difficult to use, although it was very accurate. Many researchers and scholars have been trying to build The recently proposed Huray model is very accurate for modeling surface roughness. 2 Acknowledgements David Dunham, Molex Inc. Empirical models of copper roughness are not accurate enough for data rates > We have developed an analytical basis for the electromagnetic scattering by the copper “snowballs” to predict additional power losses to those presented by the propagating medium Huray, Groiss, emispherical and BushminskiyH roughness correction coefficients can be written in the following unified form K=1+(RF-1)*F(SR), where RF is roughness factor that has Abstract: The Huray model has been a popular method to account for the additional signal loss due to copper surface roughness. 28. Perfect Electric Conductors in Static Fields. A client’s demand led to extensive research involving dielectric material comparisons and foil roughness; With various PCB surface roughness models, how to determine which process to move forward with? Bert explains the Design Feedback Method; Cannonball technique is a roughness modeling approach which Bert also described as a heuristic method To address the effects of surface roughness on wave propagation in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands, this paper studies electromagnetic wave propagation and focuses on the propagation loss within an inner environment featuring surface roughness of the metallic waveguide structures. Both models take into account the mode basis function to model the response surface was developed and applied. Huray and Stephen H. 4512227) SEM photographs of a typical copper conductors prepared by the PCB industry exhibit a 3-D "snowball" structure of copper surface distortions. Surface roughness is modeled by position-dependent conductivity at conductor-dielectric boundary to account for protrusion of rough conductor into dielectric, which was first proposed in the Gradient model. Dr. The green curve is the same result with the surface roughness Various approaches have been developed to model a surface roughness correction factor, such as the Hammerstad-Jensen model [7], Huray model [9], and HCPES model [11]. By obtaining the dielectric and roughness parameters, solely from manufacturers’ data sheets, 2. By using available data published in material data sheets alone, an equivalent multi-sphere model, based on cubic close-packing of equal spheres, also known as Cannonball Stack, is developed. Frequency-dependent conductivity is introduced to model the conductor loss due to surface roughness. ) The inset shows a zoomed-in view of the non-physical precursor predicted by the non-causal IBC. Thus, surface roughness in fractal models can be described by fractal dimension D and it is scale independent. 85 μm, 𝐴 𝑎 =65 μm2, and 𝑁 =11 The Need of Surface Roughness Modeling: Cannonball-Huray Model: The parameters of the Huray's model must be determined empirically with specialized test fixture and careful fitting. 3 dB/mm and in WR10 0. General relationships As shown in [2, 3], an internal impedance of the metal with smooth surface is related to the skin depth, an effective DOI: 10. It can be used to modify the impedance boundary conditions within an electromagnetic field solver but Using the concept of hexagonal close-packing of equal spheres to model copper roughness, a novel method to accurately calculate sphere size and hexagonal tile area was devised [‡‡] for use in the Huray model. Engineering, Physics. In the Properties panel, in the Other section - specify the model and roughness parameters. May be there could be more than mentioned but I restricted the analysis for the first three models. I. Single node input layer was be chosen along with hidden layer and output layer represent z-coordinates. The recently proposed Huray model is quite accurate for modeling these additional losses by changing R terms in RLGC models. flat i i flat i. high values of R q Physical models: Huray‘s „snowball“-modell: analytical calculation of additional power loss due to copper Snowball Model for Surface Roughness. Nwachukwu, Practical methodology for analyzing the effect of Because Simbeor’s Huray-Bracken roughness model 10 applies the roughness correction factor to both the real and imaginary part of the internal impedance of the metal, it was then used to compare the causal and non Analysis of Q-Factor for AM-SLM Cavity Based Resonators Using Surface Roughness Models Abstract: This research delves into losses of X-band cavity resonators manufactured using additive The small surface roughness of conductors relative to the skin depth is the key to lowering the conductor loss in high frequencies. Huray Model (2009) 2. Bert Simonovich’s Design Notes: “Cannonball Huray model demystified,” Lamsim Enterprises. Comparison of the transient responses at the far end of the 7-inch microstrip lines using the causal IBC (red, solid) and the non-causal IBC (blue, dashed. Then enter values for the Snowball radius (SI unit: m) and Number of snowballs in the table, adding as many rows as you need. The dielectric model will include effect of conductor surface roughness. Small roughness size requires a smaller mesh size, but this may generate an inappropriate mesh size (approximately Wall Y Plus > 35) for turbulent model with wall function. 9133247 Corpus ID: 220366990; Fundamentals of a 3-D "snowball" model for surface roughness power losses @article{Huray2020FundamentalsOA, title={Fundamentals of a 3-D "snowball" model for surface roughness power losses}, author={Paul G. Huray (Canonball) accepts Rz or SEM data if availaible, Gradient accepts Rq (RMS) roughness – as do the legacy methods Groisse and To simulate effect of conductor roughness, Huray’s snowball [3] and modified Hammerstad [4] conductor roughness models can be effectively used. G. Bert Simonovich proposed a method [2] to find an approximated version of Huray parameters, using just Rz Huray et al utilized a pyramidal stack-up of spherical conductor snow-balls on a conductor surface to model the roughness, as shown in figure 1(c) [46, 47]. The losses in these waveguides are measured and modelled using the Huray surface roughness model. Select the In this paper, we build a model to simulate the surface roughness of microstrip-lines; the model is based on real surface roughness measurements. The Huray model needs a statistical distribution of sphere Lamsim Enterprises Inc. Center Pointe II 2800 Center Drive The surface roughness models are the Huray model and the Cannonball model. On the other hand, values of surface roughness of resist side were RTF>MWG-VSP=HS-VSP=HS1-VSP=NP-VSP. 表面粗糙度( surface 表面粗糙度( surface roughness) 2. Many surface roughness compensation models exist to help designers and fabricators model the effect that copper roughness has on insertion loss. In this paper, a practical method to model effective permittivity and phase delay, due to conductor surface roughness, is presented. It is shown that Hammerstad, Huray, Groiss, Hemispherical and Bushminskiy roughness correction coefficients can be written in the following unified form K=1+(RF-1)*F(SR), where RF is roughness factor that has meaning of This paper presents a closed-form solution of rough conductor surface impedance in terms of material DC conductivity and RMS roughness. J. , Suite #235, Westlake Village, CA 91361, USA . For Sawtooth, enter a value or expression for the Surface roughness Δ RMS (SI unit: m). Abstract: Surface roughness of the conductor in transmission lines will introduce extra losses. Then, we validate the model, through a case study, using causal and non-causal versions of Cannonball-Huray formula and compare them to the measured results. The Huray model [5] represents the surface roughness using As the data rate of high-speed digital systems is getting higher, the conductor loss can no more be modeled assuming perfectly smooth conductor surfaces for even the smoothest foils available. 3. It can be used to modify the impedance boundary conditions within an electromagnetic field solver but suffers from Expand. g. We begin with an experimental observation of the The recently proposed Huray model is very accurate for modeling surface roughness. The green curve is the same result with the surface roughness Huray et al utilized a pyramidal stack-up of spherical conductor snow-balls on a conductor surface to model the roughness, as shown in figure 1(c) [46, 47]. This is a major advantage of fractal modeling. Pytel and Femi Oluwafemi and Richard Meilitz Various approaches have been developed to model a surface roughness correction factor, such as the Hammerstad-Jensen model [7], Huray model [9], and HCPES model [11]. 2020. Advanced surface roughness. 25th Ave. View of the Impedance tab after all of the calculations have been changed Frequency-dependent conductivity is introduced to model the conductor loss due to surface roughness. Polar Si9000e provides a number of methods depending on your or your OEMs requirements. Search 223,660,237 papers from all fields of science. The reason is shown in With the applicable turbulent model, the first mesh size must be smaller than half of the specified surface roughness. 2017, 2017 IEEE 26th Conference on Electrical Performance of This paper covers the essential aspects of modeling surface roughness for microwave applications based on underlying physics. dnjx jccscdkb zslm wdqmtelm ibs xhh rcpj wibmrd dnntn ryosbj